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Russian Military Role in US-Russian Arms Control

/reports/2024/03/russian-military-role-in-us-russian-arms-control

Russian nuclear policy and arms control decision-making is influenced by the General Staff’s Main Operational Directorate, military leaders, and bureaucrats.

in international arms control negotiations? What do Russian military stakeholders identify as the most salient challenges in future arms control negotiations with the US? Findings Russia's nuclear policy ... of Foreign Affairs focuses on diplomatic strategy and leads a delegation to international negotiations. In turn, intelligence officials, industry leaders, other political leaders, and civilian experts ... ." An analysis of Russian authoritative military writings suggests that the Russian military views arms control as an important way to plan for the predictable development of its strategic forces

Russian-Chinese Military Cooperation

/reports/2023/05/russian-chinese-military-cooperation

China-Russia military cooperation grew 2014–2019 but then leveled off, despite political rhetoric. It is mostly one-sided, China consuming tech and expertise.

, with both leaders focusing on the threat posed by the United States and NATO to international security in general and to their own countries in particular. Chinese officials have refused to criticize Russia ... . Implications Russia and China derive clear benefits from their military cooperation. While the most significant benefits come in the form of mutual political support on the international stage ... suggests that this lull is most likely the product of external circumstances rather than a change in the willingness of either party to continue to pursue the development of an ever-closer military

Jeff-Becker-Testimony

/reports/2023/02/jeff-becker-testimony

Jeffrey D. Becker's Research Program Director, Indo-Pacific Security Affairs, CNA, Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission. Hearing titled “China’s Military Diplomacy and Overseas Security Activities,”Panel II: Military Diplomacy for Improving Capabilities and Access

a critical player in the national development plans of other states. These economic activities provide PRC leaders with influence that they have been able to leverage into greater security cooperation ... of China’s overseas interests, international rescue, and maritime escorts.” The law additionally mandates that certain civilian vessels be built to military specifications, allowing them to support PLA ... is also a signatory to the Code for Unplanned Encounters at Sea (CUES), an international framework designed to limit miscommunication between naval ships and aircraft. However, frameworks

AI and Autonomy in Russia Issue 29

/reports/2022/01/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia-issue-29

Issue 29 for January 2022 of a CNA newsletter providing information and analysis on AI in Russia, especially AI applied to Russian military capabilities.

International Collaboration Spotlight: Koalitsiya-SV Artillery System The following preview shows the first item in this issue:  1. Russian parliament develops draft bill to regulate robot-human ... . The draft bill has been sent to the Ministry of Economic Development and the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media for feedback and input. The Russia Studies Program

AI and Autonomy in Russia Issue 26

/reports/2021/11/ai-and-autonomy-in-russia-issue-26

CNA provides information and analysis of the field of civilian and military AI in Russia and how Russia is applying AI to its military capabilities. Issue 26.

International Collaboration Spotlight: The Haspersky Antidrone System The following preview shows the first item in this issue: 1. Putin stresses AI development at numerous defense industry ... stressed the importance of further development of unmanned aviation, pointing out that the Russian military currently has over 2,000 unmanned aerial systems. In a separate meeting

The Future of US Alliances and Partnerships

/reports/2021/09/the-future-of-us-alliances-and-partnerships

CNA has developed a machine learning algorithm for foreign policymakers to more precisely identify and predict alignment of allies and partners with the U.S.

threat perceptions from China and Russia, academics and policy-makers are reorienting their gaze to the great power competition that looks to dominate US international interests for the foreseeable ... results about future relationship outcomes. This includes acknowledging the assumptions that went into model development and the subjective nature of variable selection, as with all models. Keeping these caveats in mind, we assembled datasets with key international security indicators, built machine-learning models, and derived the following results about the future of alliances and partnerships

Global Health Engagement

/reports/2020/02/global-health-engagement

Global Health Engagement (GHE) related education and training are crucial missions but are carried out by disparate organizations in the military health system.

only one CGHE directorate— Training and Professional Development Directorate (TPD)—trains the U.S. military in GHE-related topics. DIMO trains international militaries in GHE related topics. Another ... Global Health Engagement Global Health Engagement: Global Health Engagement (GHE) related education and training are crucial missions but are carried out by disparate organizations in the military health system. Global Health Engagement (GHE) related education and training of the U.S. and international militaries are important missions but are carried out by disparate organizations

AI Safety Navy Action Plan

/reports/2019/10/ai-safety-navy-action-plan

In light of the Navy’s stated commitment to using AI, and given the strategic importance of AI safety, we provide the Navy with a first step towards a comprehensive approach to safety. We use a risk management approach to frame our treatment of AI safety risks: identifying risks, analyzing them, and suggesting concrete actions for the Navy to begin addressing them. The first type of safety risk, being technical in nature, will require a collaborative effort with industry and academia to address. The second type of risk, associated with specific military missions, can be addressed in a combination of military experimentation, research, and concept development to find ways to promote effectiveness along with safety. For each types of risk, we use examples to show concrete ways of managing and reducing the risk of AI applications. We then discuss institutional changes that would help promote safety in the Navy’s AI efforts.

, associated with specific military missions, can be addressed in a combination of military experimentation, research, and concept development to find ways to promote effectiveness along with safety. For each ... requirements, performing test and evaluation processes, and conducting legal reviews to ensure that weapons comply with international law. Consistent with this stance, safety holds a primary place ... , and accidental escalation leading to international instability and conflict—are also highly relevant when considering concerns over military use of AI. An ethics focus will not necessarily address

Origins and Development of Cooperative Strategy

/reports/2017/origins-and-development-of-cooperative-strategy

On August 2, 2011, Admiral (ADM) Jonathan Greenert was confirmed to succeed ADM Gary Roughead as the U.S. Navy’s 30th Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), to take office the following month. Like his 29 predecessors, ADM Greenert faced issues of Navy readiness, personnel, acquisition, and resources. He was also troubled by the content and effect of the Navy’s existing strategy document, A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower (CS21), published by all three U.S. sea services back in October 2007.

Origins and Development of Cooperative Strategy The Origins and Development of A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower (2015) On August 2, 2011, Admiral (ADM) Jonathan Greenert was confirmed ... in the international security environment and the post–Iraq War climate of fiscal restraint. It goes on to discuss the terms of reference (TOR) for the revision effort; the roles of the Chief of Naval Operations ... goes on to discuss the revision’s reception in the services, the Washington policy community, and overseas. The paper concludes by drawing together some insights regarding the Navy’s strategy development

China Iran Relations Closer Look

/reports/2010/china-iran-relations-closer-look

Since diplomatic ties between China and Iran were established in 1971, the two countries have developed complex political, economic, and military relations. China has provided much-needed trade and investment to Iran, and as Iran has become increasingly isolated, China has gradually become the dominant external player in Iran’s economy. Chinese companies have played a particularly important role in developing Iran’s energy sector through oil purchases and major investments in resource extraction and infrastructure. Though China rarely trumpets its relationship with Iran, it maintains strong political ties with Tehran, and since the 1980s it has helped strengthen the country’s military with arms sales and military exchanges.

. Economic sanctions against Iran have driven the development of greater China-Iran economic ties.  Having been cut off from the West by sanctions, Iran has engaged in a “Look East” economic strategy ... international image as a responsible player.  The more isolated Iran becomes, the more danger exists that China will be seen as an outlier due to its ties with Iran. U.S. coordination with China