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Improving Protection of Humanitarian Organizations in Armed Conflict

/reports/2022/03/improving-protection-of-humanitarian-organizations-in-armed-conflict

We leverage CNA’s work on civilian harm, including attacks on humanitarian organizations, to identify four broad steps militaries can take to minimize these tragic incidents and improve protection of these organizations.

processes, simplifying the work of militaries to integrate it into military systems and processes and creating a stronger foundation for effective deconfliction. This system can also be used to strengthen CIV- MIL coordination more broadly. Military deconfliction is intended to leverage communication with and information regarding humanitarian organizations in order to avoid tragic attacks ... of the no-strike list (NSL). When deconfliction processes fail, identification of humanitarian organizations can serve as a safety net, averting inadvertent attacks. Yet history shows that such identification

Evolution of the Military Healthcare System

/reports/2000/evolution-of-the-military-healthcare-system

In recent years, as the military medical departments have imple­ mented the legislatively mandated TRICARE program, the benefi­ ciary population has voiced concerns regarding the perceived deterioration of its health benefit. The military medical departments also have expressed concerns, but of a different nature, relating to Congress's enhancement of the benefit over time without the provi­ sion of appropriate funds to support the changes. The Navy believes that it can prepare more informed future budget strategies by care­ fully examining the evolution of the current military health care ben­ efit and determining the implications of these changes on overall health care costs. In this paper, we document the legislative and regulatory evolution of the military health care benefit since 1956-the year that Congress originally authorized the offering of civilian health care coverage to active duty dependents. We also determine the extent to which major changes in the benefit have contributed to changes in program costs. We begin our analysis with an overview of the initial, contemporary, military health care benefit (or baseline benefit) as authorized by Congress. Next, we focus on the specific changes to the benefit that have affected the following features over time: who is eligible for cov­ erage, the range of covered services, the rate of payment for health services, and program administration. Finally, we examine military health care program costs over time to determine the extent to which major program changes have affected costs.

Evolution of the Military Healthcare System The Evolution of the Military Health Care System: Changes in Public Law and DOD Regulations In recent years, as the military medical departments have imple­ mented the legislatively mandated TRICARE program, the benefi­ ciary population has voiced concerns regarding the perceived deterioration of its health benefit. The military medical departments also ... that it can prepare more informed future budget strategies by care­ fully examining the evolution of the current military health care ben­ efit and determining the implications of these changes

coming in from the cold: The Cold War at Sea

/our-media/podcasts/coming-in-from-the-cold/2

In this episode of Coming in from the Cold, Bill welcomes Rear Admiral Mike McDevitt (Ret.) and Commander Steve Wills (Ret.) to discuss the Maritime Strategy of the 1980s. McDevitt and Wills recall some of the key players surrounding the development of the Maritime Strategy. This includes CNA analysts who used open-source data to hypothesize that the goal of the Soviet Navy was to protect their ballistic missile submarines. Additionally, they point to Secretary of the Navy John Lehman, who helped convince the Reagan administration that a 600-ship fleet was necessary to challenge the Soviet Navy. Finally, the group discusses the key role that perception played in the Maritime Strategy, enhancing deterrence by reinforcing in the Soviet mind the idea that they could not win a war with the United States.

Weapons Directorate (JNLWD), and at NATO Joint Forces Command (JFCNP), Naples, Italy. Wills holds a Ph.D. in military history and an M.A. in history from Ohio University, an M.A. in National Security Policy from the Naval War College, and a B.A. in history from Miami University, Ohio. ContactName /*/Contact/ContactName ContactTitle /*/Contact/JobTitle ContactEmail /*/Contact/Email ... been the Director of the East Asia Policy Office for the Secretary of Defense. McDevitt holds an M.A. in American Diplomatic History from Georgetown University and a B.A. in U.S. History from

russian media analysis: Issue 12, March 25, 2022

/our-media/newsletters/russian-media-analysis/issue-12

Russian Perspectives on Western Military Activities

Issue 12 Russian Perspectives on Western Military Activities /Newsletters/Russian%20Media%20Analysis/Russian-Media-Analysis-Issue-12.png Issue 12, March 25, 2022 1. INVASION OF UKRAINE: NATO ... MILITARY AID The details and implications of NATO and U.S. military aid and efforts to arm Ukraine are the subject of several articles. It is evident that there is concern for the unified support ... critical of U.S. moral flexibility and assert that the "special military operation" in Ukraine has had a profound impact on long-term global security, as is evidenced by the changing oil environment

Proxy Warfare

/reports/2019/07/proxy-warfare

Proxy warfare—that is, conflict in which a “major power instigates or plays a major role in supporting and directing to a conflict but does only a small portion of the actual fighting itself”—is receiving new attention from policymakers, analysts, and practitioners. This study uses a series of four case studies on US involvement in proxy war (the “Secret War” in Laos, the Contras in Central America, the African Union Mission in Somalia, and the Syrian Defense Forces) to develop a set of key themes. These themes, in turn, form the basis of a set of rules of thumb to guide senior decisionmakers as they contemplate the future use of proxy forces. Finally, this report discusses implications for U.S. Special Operations Forces, which are likely to play an increasingly important role in supporting U.S. proxies.

. It is a risk-mitigation strategy in which a sponsor seeks to offload military and financial costs onto a proxy—a “principal-agent” arrangement, in the language of social science. For the proxy ... of international politics throughout recorded history, and indirect conflict through surrogates is—and is likely to remain—an enduring feature of the international security environment. In the years ... of great-power competition, suggest that the time is ripe for senior civilian and military leaders to assess US capabilities for conducting proxy war, for evaluating costs, risks, and benefits

Relationship-Between-Colocation-and-Reenlistment-in-the-Marine-Corps-Vol1

/reports/2018/10/relationship-between-colocation-and-reenlistment-in-the-marine-corps-vol1

CNA analysts examine the relationship between colocation and reenlistment in the Marine Corps, as the share of women in the services increases, and how prevalent colocation of dual-military personnel impacts reenlistment decisions.

to reduce personnel costs while maintaining or even improving retention. The impetus for the project is that military personnel costs, including those in the Department of the Navy (DON), are quite ... number three. Colocation in the USMC is when two servicemembers who are married to each other (also known as a dual-military marriage) are assigned to units no further than 50 miles apart. A dual military ... had military spouses. Among these 6,403 Marines, about 64 percent, or 4,132, were married to other active component (AC) enlisted Marines. The remaining 2,271 Marines were either married

Maritime Sabotage: Lessons Learned and Implications for Strategic Competition

/reports/2021/10/maritime-sabotage-lessons-learned-and-implications-for-strategic-competition

Warring sides have undertaken sabotage operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success.

operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success. Warring sides have undertaken sabotage operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects ... heavily on counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations, resulting in a current dearth of experience with sabotage against nation-state targets. In light of SOF’s history with sabotage and recent ... sabotage dataset, (4) code that dataset to derive analytic findings, and (5) distill implications for the future. Upon review of existing US military doctrine and literature on sabotage, we were unable

Maritime Sabotage and Implications for Strategic Competition

/reports/2021/10/maritime-sabotage-and-implications-for-strategic-competition

Warring sides have undertaken sabotage operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success. In many cases, the forces conducting these operations have been special operations forces, their predecessors, or intelligence agencies. CNA initiated a quick-look study to examine past instances of sabotage in order to derive lessons and best practices for the future conduct of such operations. To increase the utility of the study for US Navy and US Marine Corps organizations, and because of the dearth of prior research on the topic, we focused our efforts on examining sabotage in the maritime domain. We generated a dataset of maritime sabotage instances dating back to World War II and analyzed this dataset according to a set of coding variables. These coding variables allowed us to perform both descriptive analysis of the dataset, as well as exploratory analysis.

history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success. In many cases, the forces conducting these operations have been special operations forces, their predecessors ... analysis of the dataset, as well as exploratory analysis. Warring sides have undertaken sabotage operations throughout history to generate battlefield effects, with varying degrees of success. In many ... and counterinsurgency operations, resulting in a current dearth of experience with sabotage against nation-state targets. In light of SOF’s history with sabotage and recent renewed interest in the subject, CNA

Interwar US and Japanese National Product Expenditure

/reports/2003/interwar-us-and-japanese-national-product-expenditure

I assess the meaning and implications of these data in another report. Here, howewer, it is appropriate to mention cautions to be observed with regard to them. It is reasonable to expect that each of the series here is generally consistent internally over the 21-year period from 1920 through 1941. Thus we can be pretty certain that the trends shown for Japanese naval equipment and aircraft procurement or U.S. defense current expense are accurate. The U.S. series benefit from better source data and more stable prices, but this is somewhat balanced by the need to guess at defense deflators for the period 1920-1928, and to piece series together for GNP and total defense expenditure. The consistency across the series in one family also is likely to be good. That is, the relationship between Japanese construction and Japanese army equipment and aircraft procurement is probably relatively accurately portrayed. The U.S. series may be slightly better in this regard due to better source data, although the uncertainties about defense deflators for 1920-1928 again takes its toll.

its toll. Background‌ This memorandum documents the derivation of estimates of Japanese and U.S. economic resources and of their application to military purposes between the two world wars. Data ... estimates for the war years separately. I have relied primarily on data from Mizoguchi and Nojima. Fortunately for our purposes, economists studying Japan have seen military expenditure ... prior to World War II. In an early study of Japanese capital formation, Henry Rosovsky paid careful attention to Japan’s investments in military capital, ar- guing that this served both statistical

Russian Military Logistics in the Ukraine War

/reports/2023/10/russian-military-logistics-in-the-ukraine-war

Analysis of Russian military logistics (reformed in 2010) in the Russia-Ukraine war, finds despite setbacks, Russian logistics have been generally successful.

Russian Military Logistics in the Ukraine War Russian Military Logistics in the Ukraine War: Recent Reforms and Wartime Operations Analysis of Russian military logistics (reformed in 2010 ... and adaptability of the Russian military’s logistical and combat service support system. This paper examines Russian military logistics during operations in Ukraine in 2022. It begins with an overview of the logistical system, highlighting its history, approaches, structure, and ongoing reform efforts that have been underway since 2010. The second part of the paper focuses on the system’s